Pneumonia, Sanhi, sintomas at gamot: Sakit ng Milyong Kabataan

Dr. Ed Santos
is a Medical expert in Saudi Arabia

Ayon sa World Health Organization, ang pneumonia ang nangungunang sakit na kumikitil ng buhay ng mga kabataan sa buong mundo. Kahit pagsama-samahin pa ang bilang ng batang namamatay sa AIDS, malaria, at tuberculosis ay hindi pa rin makakatumbas ang dami nito sa namamatay sa pneumonia.



Deskripsyon:


Ang pneumonia ay isang klase ng sakit na umaapekto sa baga. Ang baga ay binubuo ng maliliit na “sacs” na tinatawag na alveoli. Sa malusog na tao, ang alveoli ay daanan at napupuno ng hangin upang tayo ay makahinga. Ngunit, sa taong may pneumonia, ang parteng ito ay napupuno ng nana at tubig na nagdudulot ng mahirap na paghinga at kakulangan ng oxygen sa katawan.

Dito rin sa Pilipinas, ayon sa Department of Health, pneumonia rin ang nangungunang sanhi ng pagkamatay ng kabataang nasa edad 1-4 na taong gulang. At para sa ibang “age groups”, hindi ito bumababa sa 3rd place na sanhi ng pagkamatay ng mga bata.


Sanhi:


Maraming sanhi ang pneumonia. Maaari itong dala ng virus, bacteria, o fungi, dahil nakakahawa ang sakit na pneumonia. Maiiwasan ang sakit na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagbabakuna, wastong nutrisyon, at pananatiling malinis ang katawan at kapaligiran. Dahil napakaraming apektado ng pneumonia, hindi natin ito dapat ipag-walang bahala. Meron tayong magagawa sa pagsugpo nito. Bawat sakit ay may tinatawag na “chain of infection”. Binubuo ang “chain of infection” ng ibat-ibang bagay na magkakaugnay upang mabuo ang sakit. O kaya ay walang mabubuong sakit kapag isa man lamang sa mga bagay na bumubuo sa “chain of infection” ay nawala. Ang “transmission” ay kasali sa proseso ng “chain of infection” na kapag naputol ay mawawala ang pagkabuo ng pneumonia. Ang “transmission” ay ang proseso kung saan napapasa ng isang infected na individual ang kanyang sakit sa iba. Sa kaso ng pneumonia, napapasa ang sakit sa pamamagitan ng pagsinhok ng bacteria at viruses ng malusog na tao nang humatsing o umubo ang taong may sakit. Upang maiwasan ang sitwasyon na ito, kailangang takpan ng sinumang inuubo o sinisipon ang kanilang mga bibig kung inuubo o hinahatsing. Maigi ring prebensyon sa pagkalat ng pneumonia ang paghuhugas ng kamay parati.

As previously mentioned, pneumonia is possibly caused by bacteria or virus. Bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, often affects one area (lobe) of the lung, a condition called lobar pneumonia. Furthermore, bacteria-like organisms, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, typically produce milder signs and symptoms than do other types of pneumonia. "Walking pneumonia," a term used to describe pneumonia that isn't severe enough to require bed rest, may result from Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

On the other hand, viral causes of pneumonia include some that are the same type of viruses that cause colds and flu. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children younger than 2 years. Viral pneumonia is usually mild but can become very serious if caused by certain influenza viruses.

Fungi, which can be found in soil and in bird droppings. This type of pneumonia is most common in people with an underlying health problem or weakened immune system and in people who have inhaled a large dose of the organisms


Lastly, pneumonia can also be due to aspiration. Hence, it is called aspiration pneumonia, which typically affects patients with brain injury, swallowing problem, or excessive use of alcohol or drugs because such conditions can disturb the gag reflex.


Simtomas, Symptoms:


Ang taong may pneumonia ay nagpepresenta ng mga simtomas tulad ng ubo, hirap sa paghinga, may ibang nilalagnat, mabilis na paghinga at “chest wall indrawing” kung tawagin sa Ingles. Maraming mga sanggol ang sobrang nahihirapang huminga kaya naman hindi na sila nakakakain. Merong ibang kinokombulsyon at giniginaw. May tinatawag na mga factors kung saan mas mabilis kang magkakaroon ng pneumonia dahil sa mga specific na bagay. At ito ay ang malnutrisyon sa mga kabataan. Yung iba ay meron nang malubhang sakit at sinabayan pa ng pneumonia, pagkakaroon ng naninigarilyo sa bahay, at pagtira sa napakasisikip na kabahayan. Kailangang tandaan na kapag kompleto ang mga nasabi, mas malaki ang tsansang magka-pneumonia ang bata.

Pneumonia is an infectious disease characterized by cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus), mild or high-grade fever, chills and shortness of breath, which may only occur when you climb stairs. Aside from these, the patient may also complain of sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough, headache, excessive sweating and clammy skin, loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue and confusion usually experienced by older people.

Moreover, some symptoms may also appear depending on the etiologic agent causing the patient's pneumonia. In bacterial pneumonia, the body temperature may rise as high as 105 degrees F accompanied by profuse sweating, and rapidly increased breathing and pulse rate. Lips and nailbeds may have a bluish color due to lack of oxygen in the blood. On the contrary, the initial symptoms of viral pneumonia are the same as influenza symptoms: fever, a dry cough, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. Within 12 to 36 hours, there is increasing breathlessness; the cough becomes worse and produces a small amount of mucus. High fever and cyanosis are also some of the possible symptoms.


Lunas, Treatment:


Ang pneumonia, nakakatakot man dahil sa napakaraming buhay nitong kinukuha, ay merong lunas. May “antibiotics” kung tawagin na naiinom upang matalo ang sanhi ng pneumonia. Para sa mga mas grabeng mga kaso, dinadala dapat sa hospital ang pasyente upang mabigyang lunas. Aside sa lunas, pwede rin nating pagtuunan ng pansin ang prebesyon nito upang hindi na natin pa danasin ang pneumonia at ito ay sa pamamagitan ng pagpapa-inject ng bakuna. Kailangan ring bigyan natin ng masustansyang pagkain ang mga bata, pangalagaan at bigyan sila ng malinis na kapaligiran at maayos na bahay, at wala dapat naninigarilyo na kasama nila sa araw-araw.

Since pneumonia is due to various causes, the treatment goal will be geared towards eliminating the root cause and managing the symptoms. Thus, patients with bacterial pneumonia requires antibiotics and additional supportive care to address other problems such as fever and pain.


On the other hand, some home remedies are also beneficial to patients with this type of pneumonia. One of these is the use of garlic which has antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses and fungi. It also helps bring down the body temperature and increases expectoration to clear phlegm out of the chest and lungs. Aside from this, cayenne pepper which has a high capsaicin content can stimulate the release of mucous from the respiratory passages. Thus, it helps clear the mucus from the respiratory system. Cayenne pepper is also a good source of beta-carotene, which helps in the healthy development of mucus membranes.


Home Remedies:


Tulad ng maraming sakit na may kasamang sipon, panghihina ng katawan, maiibsan ang sintomas ng pneumonia sa pamamagitan ng mahabang pahinga, pag-inom ng maraming tubig upang tulungang tunawin ang plema, sundin ang prescribed na medikasyon kung merong ibinigay ang doktor, at kung magkakakomplikasyon na ang pneumonia, maiging magpa-admit na sa hospital.


Isa ang World Health Organization sa nagtataguyod ng tuluyang pagkawala ng pneumonia. Sila ay kumakalap ng pundo para suporta sa proteksyon, prevention, paglunas ng mga batang may pneumonia. Tinataguyod nila ang breatfeeding, bakuna, at kalinisan ng kapaligiran. Ito ay mga simpleng bagay lamang ngunit hatid ay kasiguruhan ng kalusugan ng mga kabataan. Kung kaya naman dapat natin itong lahat suportahan.



About the author

Dr. Ed Santos

My uncles and aunts were pediatricians and family physicians, so I had an inkling that I would do primary care. So at a young age, I dreamt of becoming a physician.
Profession: Family Medicine
Saudi Arabia , Jeddah

 

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